We see that the inclination to crass materialism, making it the PRIMARY goal of life, ensnares the individual in the net of inescapable dark depression. Why is this so? Because such an approach seals one off from the Divine lights, the source of true inner life and chokes the Soul with its crude air.
Rav Kook Ztz"l Shmoneh Kvatzim [1/359]
Monday, December 17, 2012
Shabbos 70a: Chiluk Melachot
לרפואת האדמו"ר ר' יצחק מנחם בן גיטל מירל בריינדל לאה שליט"א בתוך שאר ח"י
ולזכות שמחה בן נעכא גיטל שיהיה כאחד הגדולים אשר בארץ
If a person knows that it is Shabbos and inadvertently performed numerous melachot he is liable for each and every one of them. This is affectionately called חילוק מלאכות. There is a geshmake chakira presented by the great Rav Menachem Zemba and many others in his footsteps: Must one warn a person not to do a melacha [התראה] by invoking that specific melacha or is it enough to warn him not to violate Shabbos.
The Achronim point to a Tosfos Rid [קלח] who is quite clear that one must invoke the specific melacha and a general warning is not enough. To quote [people tell me that they like the quotes on the blog although I am not sure that they mean these types of quotes:)]: פי' כיון דהבערה לחלק יוצאת כאילו
כתיב לאו אכל מלאכה ומלאכה דמי והו"ל כמו לענין דחלב
ודם שהן חלוקין זה מזה וצריך להתרות על החלב משום
חלב ועל הדם משום דם וכך על כל מלאכה ומלאכה
Peirush-Ally - The gemara derives from that fact that the Torah singled out the melacha of הבערה [kindling] on Shabbos that just as one is obligated for kindling individually, so one is obligated for every other melacha individually. So it is now as if the Torah had singled out each melacha and written "don't plant" "don't harvest" etc. and thus one must give התראה for each melacha specifically. This is just as one would give a separate התראה for the consumption of blood and forbidden fats which are are completely distinct prohibitions.
The question that one must ask on the Tosfos Rid is that the gemara offers another derivation of the rule of חילוק מלאכות and that is from the pasuk of אחת מהנה. It would seem that according to that pasuk one would NOT have to specify the melacha in his התראה. Why is that?
Rav Baruch Mordechai Ezrachi Shlita [ברכת מרדכי שבת כד] suggests that the limmud from הבערה teaches us not only חילוק מלאכות meaning that one is liable for each melacha separately but also that each melacha is in its own category as if it had been written explicitly in the Torah.
The limmud from אחת מהנה teaches חילוק מלאכות but not that each one is viewed as having been singled out by the Torah rather they are all subsumed under the general umbrella of "melachos Shabbos".
In the sefer Minchas Aharon [ויקרא עמ' 586] he proves that Rashi and Tosfos argue with the Tosfos Rid and don't require an specified התראה
עיין עוד בתוצאות חיים סי' ה' סק"ב חידושי רבי שמואל בב"ק סי' ב' שו"ת הר צבי - טל הרים מבעיר סי' ב', שיעורי ר' דוד פוברסקי ב"ק ב:, חבצלת השרון ויקרא עמ' רכב מנחת חינוך מצוה לב סק"ב וזכורני שמו"ר דיבר על זה והובא בס' המה ינחמוני על שבת [ואיני יכול למצוא את הספר] ועוד ועוד
ולזכות שמחה בן נעכא גיטל שיהיה כאחד הגדולים אשר בארץ
If a person knows that it is Shabbos and inadvertently performed numerous melachot he is liable for each and every one of them. This is affectionately called חילוק מלאכות. There is a geshmake chakira presented by the great Rav Menachem Zemba and many others in his footsteps: Must one warn a person not to do a melacha [התראה] by invoking that specific melacha or is it enough to warn him not to violate Shabbos.
The Achronim point to a Tosfos Rid [קלח] who is quite clear that one must invoke the specific melacha and a general warning is not enough. To quote [people tell me that they like the quotes on the blog although I am not sure that they mean these types of quotes:)]: פי' כיון דהבערה לחלק יוצאת כאילו
כתיב לאו אכל מלאכה ומלאכה דמי והו"ל כמו לענין דחלב
ודם שהן חלוקין זה מזה וצריך להתרות על החלב משום
חלב ועל הדם משום דם וכך על כל מלאכה ומלאכה
Peirush-Ally - The gemara derives from that fact that the Torah singled out the melacha of הבערה [kindling] on Shabbos that just as one is obligated for kindling individually, so one is obligated for every other melacha individually. So it is now as if the Torah had singled out each melacha and written "don't plant" "don't harvest" etc. and thus one must give התראה for each melacha specifically. This is just as one would give a separate התראה for the consumption of blood and forbidden fats which are are completely distinct prohibitions.
The question that one must ask on the Tosfos Rid is that the gemara offers another derivation of the rule of חילוק מלאכות and that is from the pasuk of אחת מהנה. It would seem that according to that pasuk one would NOT have to specify the melacha in his התראה. Why is that?
Rav Baruch Mordechai Ezrachi Shlita [ברכת מרדכי שבת כד] suggests that the limmud from הבערה teaches us not only חילוק מלאכות meaning that one is liable for each melacha separately but also that each melacha is in its own category as if it had been written explicitly in the Torah.
The limmud from אחת מהנה teaches חילוק מלאכות but not that each one is viewed as having been singled out by the Torah rather they are all subsumed under the general umbrella of "melachos Shabbos".
In the sefer Minchas Aharon [ויקרא עמ' 586] he proves that Rashi and Tosfos argue with the Tosfos Rid and don't require an specified התראה
עיין עוד בתוצאות חיים סי' ה' סק"ב חידושי רבי שמואל בב"ק סי' ב' שו"ת הר צבי - טל הרים מבעיר סי' ב', שיעורי ר' דוד פוברסקי ב"ק ב:, חבצלת השרון ויקרא עמ' רכב מנחת חינוך מצוה לב סק"ב וזכורני שמו"ר דיבר על זה והובא בס' המה ינחמוני על שבת [ואיני יכול למצוא את הספר] ועוד ועוד
Daveeennnn
Please daven for the child Chananya Lev ben Keren Ronit who is having surgery tomorrow.
Thanks:)
Thanks:)
Maasei Tzaddikim
Ahhhhh!! I just received the file of part two of stories about Rav Avraham Genechovski ztz"l from my beloved friend R' JR. So much to tell!! But alas - time is of the essence and it doesn't permit me to tell all.
A sampling....
He once missed the bus that was going to take him directly to a wedding in Ramat Gan. This meant that he would have to take a number of buses [including waiting etc.]. His instinctive reaction was to exclaim איזה יופי!! [How beautiful] [This instead of what the average mortal says "Darn" or in modern Hebrew slang "Ooooffffff"]
---------------
When he was ill the doctor told him that they discovered a violent bacteria in his system which usually causes the entire system to shut down [קריסת מערכות] and imminent death. His reaction was "Nu-nu". Then they found out that they had erred. When he heard this his reaction was "Nu-nu". [If it's all from Hashem, there is never anything to get nervous about].
----------
When he told his wife about his illness he said "We received two great gifts in our lives. One was the illness of Rafael Yona [his young son who passed away]. The other is my illness."
-----------
He used to give shiurim based on the notes on the side of his late son's gemara. Once his son had a comment on a Rebbi Akiva Eiger [on the sugya of מגו להוציא] and he remarked with wonder "Does someone make such brilliant comments on Rebbi Akiva Eiger because he greeted everyone with a bright, smiling countenance or does someone greet everyone with a bright, smiling countenance because he makes such brilliant comments on Rebbi Akiva Eiger?" [Meaning - you need both to learn shtark and to smile:-)]
-----------------
He was once riding in a car and there was a man who needed a ride and the Rav wanted to stop for him. Someone in the car complained "I can't take being squished". The Rav said "What "I". There is no "I". There is only "you". What do "you" want? What do "you" need."
A sampling....
He once missed the bus that was going to take him directly to a wedding in Ramat Gan. This meant that he would have to take a number of buses [including waiting etc.]. His instinctive reaction was to exclaim איזה יופי!! [How beautiful] [This instead of what the average mortal says "Darn" or in modern Hebrew slang "Ooooffffff"]
---------------
When he was ill the doctor told him that they discovered a violent bacteria in his system which usually causes the entire system to shut down [קריסת מערכות] and imminent death. His reaction was "Nu-nu". Then they found out that they had erred. When he heard this his reaction was "Nu-nu". [If it's all from Hashem, there is never anything to get nervous about].
----------
When he told his wife about his illness he said "We received two great gifts in our lives. One was the illness of Rafael Yona [his young son who passed away]. The other is my illness."
-----------
He used to give shiurim based on the notes on the side of his late son's gemara. Once his son had a comment on a Rebbi Akiva Eiger [on the sugya of מגו להוציא] and he remarked with wonder "Does someone make such brilliant comments on Rebbi Akiva Eiger because he greeted everyone with a bright, smiling countenance or does someone greet everyone with a bright, smiling countenance because he makes such brilliant comments on Rebbi Akiva Eiger?" [Meaning - you need both to learn shtark and to smile:-)]
-----------------
He was once riding in a car and there was a man who needed a ride and the Rav wanted to stop for him. Someone in the car complained "I can't take being squished". The Rav said "What "I". There is no "I". There is only "you". What do "you" want? What do "you" need."
Lo Taamod Al Dam Reyecha
Another terrible chillul-Hashem-scandal has hit the media. This time I actually know the accused quite well. I can say that in all of my years of being a student [from age 3 until 22] there was never a teacher who was as devoted to my well being and helped me as much as he did. He never did or said anything inappropriate to me. That doesn't mean that he is necessarily innocent. Some people think that if an abuser has good points that somehow erases his sins. It doesn't work that way. If an educator helped a thousand students and abused one, he should be severely punished for his offense. [I am not saying that the accused is guilty or innocent - but if he IS found guilty then all of the good he did does not cancel out the bad]. So we have one lesson already.
Another lesson:
One pattern that I have noticed that is followed in just about every scandal that erupts in the media - more than a few people knew about the misbehavior for a long period of time and did nothing to stop it. That is called לא תעמוד על דם רעיך - Don't stand by idly when your brothers blood is being spilled. Then after the facts are presented and many accusers step forward - many of the accused's supporters step forward to defend him. WHAT ABOUT THE VICTIMS??
On Friday I received an email from an old friend who broke the horrible news to me. My reply was "Hey, how come when "X" was accused of abusing students you not only didn't try to stop him [this friend has a lot of clout and $ay] but continued to be one of his biggest supporters.
He probably wasn't expecting THAT.... So he answered "In my humble opinion, I disagree".
Disagree with WHAT? If not one and not two and not three and not four and not five and not six people but many more, come forward and say that they were physically/emotionally/sexually abused by someone else how can someone who wasn't there say "I disagree". People are suffering and others are busy defending the aggressor.
Wonder of wonders.
Of course my friend didn't want to continue the conversation with me and I believe that deep down he is not comfortable with it either. [I also don't think he wants to be my friend so much anymore:-)].
If someone comes to the police and says that so and so broke into his home and stole money and the cops say "We disagree with you" without carefully investigating, they don't deserve to be policemen.
Chinuch is a matter of life and death. If a person has a positive experience in Yeshiva he will be happier both in this world and the next. If he has a negative experience he will likely be unhappy in this world and lose his portion in the world to come. How many people there are who are no longer religious because they had a bad Rebbi and how many ARE religious because they had a good Rebbi.
If there is a Rabbi about whom there is a DOUBT as to whether he is hurting or abusing students, he should be treated the same as a person about whom we have a DOUBT if he is a murderer. We should help him find another way to earn a living such as computer programming where he can't hurt anybody until we can prove that he is innocent. Usually, when there is smoke, there is fire. Usually.
I have had teachers who POUNDED me badly and being the sensitive sort [who isn't] I took it quite hard and until this day feel traumatized. Some are still teaching. Others are dead.... May they have a lichtige gan eden.
Most of my teachers - and the vast majority of Jewish educators, are very fine people whose lives are devoted to serving Hashem and his people. The rotten apples shouldn't cast a pallor over the many, many wonderful melamdei Torah in Klal Yisrael. There are daily Kiddush Hashem's in Yeshivos all over that will never make it to the papers or the internet because as we have said here many times - the media is primarily interested in reporting evil. [See the next post]
May Hashem grant all of us and all of our children teachers who are similar [as the gemara in Chagiga says] to angels of Hashem. And may we weed out all of the evil from our midst.
במהרה בימינו!!
Another lesson:
One pattern that I have noticed that is followed in just about every scandal that erupts in the media - more than a few people knew about the misbehavior for a long period of time and did nothing to stop it. That is called לא תעמוד על דם רעיך - Don't stand by idly when your brothers blood is being spilled. Then after the facts are presented and many accusers step forward - many of the accused's supporters step forward to defend him. WHAT ABOUT THE VICTIMS??
On Friday I received an email from an old friend who broke the horrible news to me. My reply was "Hey, how come when "X" was accused of abusing students you not only didn't try to stop him [this friend has a lot of clout and $ay] but continued to be one of his biggest supporters.
He probably wasn't expecting THAT.... So he answered "In my humble opinion, I disagree".
Disagree with WHAT? If not one and not two and not three and not four and not five and not six people but many more, come forward and say that they were physically/emotionally/sexually abused by someone else how can someone who wasn't there say "I disagree". People are suffering and others are busy defending the aggressor.
Wonder of wonders.
Of course my friend didn't want to continue the conversation with me and I believe that deep down he is not comfortable with it either. [I also don't think he wants to be my friend so much anymore:-)].
If someone comes to the police and says that so and so broke into his home and stole money and the cops say "We disagree with you" without carefully investigating, they don't deserve to be policemen.
Chinuch is a matter of life and death. If a person has a positive experience in Yeshiva he will be happier both in this world and the next. If he has a negative experience he will likely be unhappy in this world and lose his portion in the world to come. How many people there are who are no longer religious because they had a bad Rebbi and how many ARE religious because they had a good Rebbi.
If there is a Rabbi about whom there is a DOUBT as to whether he is hurting or abusing students, he should be treated the same as a person about whom we have a DOUBT if he is a murderer. We should help him find another way to earn a living such as computer programming where he can't hurt anybody until we can prove that he is innocent. Usually, when there is smoke, there is fire. Usually.
I have had teachers who POUNDED me badly and being the sensitive sort [who isn't] I took it quite hard and until this day feel traumatized. Some are still teaching. Others are dead.... May they have a lichtige gan eden.
Most of my teachers - and the vast majority of Jewish educators, are very fine people whose lives are devoted to serving Hashem and his people. The rotten apples shouldn't cast a pallor over the many, many wonderful melamdei Torah in Klal Yisrael. There are daily Kiddush Hashem's in Yeshivos all over that will never make it to the papers or the internet because as we have said here many times - the media is primarily interested in reporting evil. [See the next post]
May Hashem grant all of us and all of our children teachers who are similar [as the gemara in Chagiga says] to angels of Hashem. And may we weed out all of the evil from our midst.
במהרה בימינו!!
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