לזכות רבי אברהם שרגא בן מלכה אסתר וכל בני ביתו
ישראל שהוא מומר לע"ז או מחלל שבת בפרהסיא אין מקבלין ממנו קרבן כלל אפילו העולה שמקבלין אותה מן הנכרים אין מקבלין אותה מן המומר הזה שנאמר אדם כי יקריב מכם מפי השמועה למדו מכם ולא כולכם להוציא את המומר אבל אם היה מומר לשאר עבירות מקבלין ממנו כל הקרבנות כדי שיחזור בתשובה היה מומר לעבירה והוא מפורסם וידוע לעשותה והורגל בה בין להכעיס בין לתיאבון אין מקבלין ממנו קרבן לאותה עבירה כיצד כגון שהיה רגיל לאכול חלב בין להכעיס בין לתיאבון ושגג ואכל חלב והביא חטאת אין מקבלין אותה ממנו:
When a Jew is an apostate who worships false deities or who desecrates Shabbos in public,12 we do not accept any sacrifices from him at all. Even a burnt-offering that is accepted from a gentile is not accepted from this apostate. [This is derived from Leviticus 1:2 which] states: "A man from you who will sacrifice." According to the Oral Tradition,13 we learned: "From you," i.e., not all of you, excluding an apostate.
If, however, one was a heretic with regard to other transgressions, any sacrifice [he brings] is accepted so that he will repent. If, however, he was a heretic with regard to a transgression and it is public knowledge that he commits it and he has become accustomed to doing so, a sacrifice [that he brings atoning for] that transgression - whether committed to anger [God]14 or out of desire15 -is not accepted.16 What is implied? If a person was accustomed to eat fat - whether committed to anger [God] or out of desire - and then he inadvertently partook of fat and brought a sin-offering [for this transgression], it is not accepted. [Maaseh Hakorbanot 3-4]
12. See the conclusion of Hilchos Shabbos where the Rambam explains that the public desecration of the Shabbos is equivalent to idol worship, because they are both cornerstones of the Jewish faith. "Public" refers to a matter known about by ten people.
The Radbaz adds that we do not accept the sacrifices of a Jew who has abandoned Judaism and accepted a faith like Islam which does not involve idol worship. Such a person is included in the category (Hilchot Teshuvah 3:9) of an apostate with regard to the entire Torah.
The Radbaz adds that we do not accept the sacrifices of a Jew who has abandoned Judaism and accepted a faith like Islam which does not involve idol worship. Such a person is included in the category (Hilchot Teshuvah 3:9) of an apostate with regard to the entire Torah.
13. Chulin 5a-b.
14. I.e., he had two cuts of meat before him of equal quality, one kosher and one non-kosher and he ate the non-kosher one solely for the intent of angering God (Gittin 47a).
14. I.e., he had two cuts of meat before him of equal quality, one kosher and one non-kosher and he ate the non-kosher one solely for the intent of angering God (Gittin 47a).
15. Similarly, in Hilchot Edut 10:3, a distinction is not made with regard to the motivations for the transgression. There are other instances - see Hilchot Teshuvah, loc. cit., Hilchot Matanot Aniyim 8;14, Hilchot Gezeilah ViAveidah 11:2, and Hilchot Rotzeach 4:10 - where the Rambam does make such a distinction.
16. Since he frequently violates this transgression, we assume that he is not sincere in his desire for atonement for it, because a request for atonement must be accompanied by sincere regret. Sacrifices brought for other transgressions are, however, accepted from him. See Hilchot Shegagot 3:7.
------------
"When a Jew is an apostate who worships false deities or who desecrates the Sabbath in public" - How many times must one worship Avoda Zara or desecrate Shabbos in order to be considered a מומר? Some say "רגיל בכך". Others - 3 times. From the Rambam it would seem that even ONCE is enough!!
"Who worships false deities" - The same applies if he denies the veracity of the Torah, as the Rambam writes in Hilchos Shechita. What is the din if one denies the authority of Chazal? The Rashba wrote in a teshuva [quoted in the Beis Yosef Yo"d 119] that one who doesn't accept Chazal has the status of a מומר לכל התורה and so ruled the Shulchan Aruch [there].
"Who desecrates the Sabbath in public" - What about a person who was "merely" עובר on the לאו of מחמר but not on an actual melacha of the 39 melachos? And what about someone who was עובר an איסור מדרבנן? When someone is עובר an איסור דרבנן let us say relating to Shabbos, do we view him as transgressing לא תסור [which requires us to listen to the Rabbis] or as a מחלל שבת?? Is transgressing Yom Kippur the same as Shabbos?
"We do not accept any sacrifices from him at all" - If one did an עבירה בשוגג and THEN became a מומר we don't accept a korban from him until he does teshuva. [See Shegagos 3-8]
