Monday, August 16, 2021

Shibuda Di-oraisa - Part 2

So we have to offer another explanation as to the מחלוקת if שיעבודא דאורייתא or not. 

EVERYBODY agrees that if someone doesn't pay a debt we go to his property and collect which is why the לוה must give a security in the meantime if he doesn't repay the loan [Devarim 24/10-11]. It doesn't matter if the לוה has דעת or is a שוטה. Repaying a loan is not a mere mitzvas aseh but rather has legal force. 

The מחלוקת if שיעבוד דאורייתא is primarily in the definition of the שיעבוד. The opinion that שיעבודא דאורייתא holds that the שיעבוד is a type of pseudo-קנין and זכות when the מלוה collects afterwards he is collecting b/c of this קנין. Such that the שיעבוד is the סיבה and the collection is the מסובב. The opinion that שיעבודא לאו דאורייתא is that there is no such psuedo-קנין but rather when he collects it is b/c he has a lien-debt on the לוה but not more than that. The גביה is the סיבה while the שיעבוד is the מסובב. 

The nafka minah would be regarding יורשים and buyers from the לוה [after the loan]. If it is a זכות of the מלוה then we don't care if there are יורשין or buyers involved - the מלוה has his rights and he can take the property. If it is a mere debt then this debt isn't passed on to the יורשין and buyers so the מלוה may not collect from them. 

The Ritva actually calls a שיעבוד according to the opinion שיעבודא דאורייתא a קנין לחצאין [what we called a pseudo-קנין], a concept the other opinion doesn't subscribe to. 

Now we no longer have a problem w/ אביי who holds both שיעבודא לאו דאורייתא and למפרע הוא גובה b/c even the opinion that שיעבודא דאורייתא holds that there is a debt retroactively. [The other questions are also answered ופשוט].

[Note - It is not clear to me what the הכרח is for this explanation on the text.]