לזכות אבי מורי ואמי מורתי שיחיו
לרפואת הרב יצחק חיים יחיאל בן אסתר
לרפואת רודש יהודית בת בריינדל גיטל
הרב אברהם יוסף בן ר' משה חיים
בתוך שח"י
The Gemara in Bava Metzia [88a] says that a buyer is פטור [according the the Torah] from separating Maaser as it says "תבואת זרעך" - the produce of YOUR planting, which excludes a buyer. Rabbeinu Tam and the Rivam [תוד"ה תבואת ] argue about when there is a פטור לוקח. Rabbeinu Tam and the Rambam say that the פטור לוקח is only if he bought it after the גמר מלאכה but if he bought it before the גמר מלאכה where at the time of the חלות חיוב the fruits were in the possession of the buyer, he is חייב. The Rivam holds just the opposite - only if he bought it BEFORE the גמר מלאכה he is פטור while if he bought it AFTER the גמר מלאכה he is חייב.
לרפואת הרב יצחק חיים יחיאל בן אסתר
לרפואת רודש יהודית בת בריינדל גיטל
הרב אברהם יוסף בן ר' משה חיים
בתוך שח"י
The Gemara in Bava Metzia [88a] says that a buyer is פטור [according the the Torah] from separating Maaser as it says "תבואת זרעך" - the produce of YOUR planting, which excludes a buyer. Rabbeinu Tam and the Rivam [תוד"ה תבואת ] argue about when there is a פטור לוקח. Rabbeinu Tam and the Rambam say that the פטור לוקח is only if he bought it after the גמר מלאכה but if he bought it before the גמר מלאכה where at the time of the חלות חיוב the fruits were in the possession of the buyer, he is חייב. The Rivam holds just the opposite - only if he bought it BEFORE the גמר מלאכה he is פטור while if he bought it AFTER the גמר מלאכה he is חייב.
There is a huuuge safeik li-halacha: Is there a פטור לוקח when it comes to the חיוב of הפרשת חלה or not? We find nowhere an explicit פטור לוקח with respect to חלה. We can't learn from תרומות and מעשרות because even תרומה is פטור only because there is a היקש to מעשר [Bechoros 59a] and if so, חלה which has no היקש to מעשר has no source for a פטור לוקח.
We can't say that חלה is called תרומה as it says in Meilah [15b] so just like Terumah is פטור, so should חלה be. Not so, because ביכורים are ALSO called תרומה [Pesacim 36b] yet we need a מיעוט that לוקח is פטור from ביכורים [see Bava Basra 81a with the Rashba and Ritva].
On the other hand, the basic דין טבל for חלה is learned from Terumah because חלה is called תרומה and thus it has the status of טבל as Rabbeinu Hillel wrote in his commentary to the Sifre Parshs Shlach. If so, since the פטור לוקח is a מיעוט in the דין טבל and not the דין תרומה or חלה, meaning that with respect to a buyer it is not טבל, it makes sense that if with respect to Terumah it is not Tevel, so too with respect to חלה which is called תרומה.
According to the Maharit [1-85] that there is a פטור לוקח only with respect to מעשר but not תרומה, it is simple that here is no פטור לוקח for חלה.
Before we prove from various sources, we can prove from logic that there is no פטור לוקח for חלה.
The Rivam in Tosfos Bava Metzia [88a] that we mentioned earlier said that פטור לוקח is only if he bought it before the גמר מלאכה but if he bought it after the גמר מלאכה he is חייב. If we say that there is a פטור לוקח for חלה that would mean that the פטור is if it was purchased before the גלגול העיסה [kneading] but if it became dough before it came into the possession of the buyer it is חייב. However there are a number of proofs that before the גלגול בחלה is meaningless and can't be compared to before the גמר מלאכה of תרומות ומעשרות.
The Makneh in Kiddushin [36b] and the Achiezer [2-39] say that before גלגול there is no חיוב to talk about - see there. If so, according to the Rivam there will be no פטור לוקח for חלה because nothing of halachic significance can happen before גלגול and according to the Rivam the only time for the פטור to take effect would be before גלגול. When it comes to תרומות ומעשרות things are different because even before the גמר מלאכה there is already halachic significance to the עונת המעשרות so if he bought it after that period he is פטור.
The Makneh in Kiddushin [36b] and the Achiezer [2-39] say that before גלגול there is no חיוב to talk about - see there. If so, according to the Rivam there will be no פטור לוקח for חלה because nothing of halachic significance can happen before גלגול and according to the Rivam the only time for the פטור to take effect would be before גלגול. When it comes to תרומות ומעשרות things are different because even before the גמר מלאכה there is already halachic significance to the עונת המעשרות so if he bought it after that period he is פטור.
In a future post we will try to resolve our safek אי"ה בל"נ if Hashem gives me the life, health and means!! Lots to say אי"ה!!😊😊
[עפ"י תורת מו"ר הגאון הגדול רבי ח"מ הורוביץ שליט"א האדמו"ר מדז'יקוב שליט"א]
[עפ"י תורת מו"ר הגאון הגדול רבי ח"מ הורוביץ שליט"א האדמו"ר מדז'יקוב שליט"א]
