Shabbos Mincha we say אברהם יגל יצחק ירנן יעקב ובניו ינוחו בו. Normally, the Avos are only mentioned in the first three Brachos. Why are they mentioned here in the middle Bracha?
ישמח משה במתנת חלקו כי עבד נאמן קראת לו. Why is Moshe so happy that he is called an עבד נאמן more than any other adjective? What does it mean to be an עבד נאמן?
Chazal say that anyone who keeps Shabbos, even if he serves idols like the generation of Enosh, he is forgiven. Explains the Beis Yosef: 1] B/c his intention is not for Avoda Zara. Keeping Shabbos indicates that he is a believer. 2] His Teshuva is easier.
The Rambam paskens that the mitzva of בצדק תשפוט עמיתך depends on the person you are judging:
A person may be unknown to you, so that you do not know whether he is a righteous man or an evil one. If he does an act or if he says something that could be interpreted as either positive or negative, judge him favorably, and do not think of him as having done wrong.Another person may be well-known as a righteous man of good deeds. Therefore, even if you see him do an action which seems to be unequivocally bad, so that the only way to justify it is by stretching things to an extreme and assuming a very remote possibility, it is still obligatory to interpret the act positively, based on that possibility.
Conversely, a person may be evil and his deeds infamous. Therefore, even if you see him do an action which seems to be unequivocally good, so that the only way to malign it is by assuming a very remote possibility, one must be wary of him and not believe that it is good, based on that possibility that it is bad. ”
Shabbos is עדות - testimony about Hashem being Creator. We say ויכולו with two standing people b/c it has the status of עדות. When it comes to עדות we put special trust in the עדים regardless of who they are. If they contradict each other we do whatever we can to reconcile the contradiction. So if one says that the event happened in the second of the month and the other says that it happened on the third, we say that one of them made a mistake about when the new month was sanctified and their testimony is true.
When it comes to the עדות of Shabbos the usual laws of judging favorably are waived and we attempt to stretch ourselves to judge everyone favorably. So if someone keeps Shabbos, even if he is an עובד עבודה זרה we still try to see the positive and judge him favorably and he is not included among those who have no chance for Teshuva [see Avoda Zara 17a that once one goes to idolatry there is no way back - כל באיה לא ישובון]. That is the meaning of what the Beis Yosef says that his Teshuva is easier. He will be judged favorably from Above.
Moshe was an עבד נאמן. He was נאמן - faithful, b/c if there was ever a contradiction between his prophecy and that of any other prophet - you believe him.
עבד: The first Luchos will be restored. Where do we see this? Hashem said to Moshe after the חטא העגל - Go down כי שחת עמך - YOUR nation has become corrupt. Yours and not MINE. Why? B/c you let the ערב רב in. But Moshe is an עבד. An עבד has nothing of his own. So in the future this blemish will be rectified. Either the ערב רב will be fixed and absorbed or וועלן פארפאלען ווערען be expelled. Then it will be עמי, Hashem's nation, and not only עמך - Moshe's nation. At that point the first Luchos will be restored.
ישמח משה. He will be happy b/c one who is in נידוי - banished, may not be happy. When Hashem said לך רד כי שחת עמך Moshe was in נידוי. In the future he will will joyous b/c the ערב רב will be fixed [or expelled completely] and he will be back in Hashem's favor. A reason for joy.
So Shachris is ישמח משה במתנת חלקו כי עבד נאמן קראת לו - Moshe will be happy because as an עבד נאמן he will be back on Hashem's good side and the first Luchos will be restored as the נידוי is revoked and there is no more ערב רב.
Then we grow from Shachris to Mincha which corresponds to the day that is completely Shabbos in the idyllic future when אתה אחד ושמך אחד and say אברהם יגל יצחק ירנן יעקב ובניו ינוחו בו. The Avos will rejoice b/c there is no more עמך and ערב רב and all of עם ישראל are their children.
WHOA!!😀💛
[מתורת רה"י זצ"ל]
