Monday, May 14, 2018

Why Did Hashem Create The World - Part 2


דרך ה' חלק א פרק ב אות ב
ב. ואולם גזרה חכמתו, שלהיות הטוב שלם, ראוי שיהיה הנהנה בו בעל הטוב ההוא; פירוש - מי שיקנה הטוב בעצמו, ולא מי
שיתלווה לו הטוב בדרך מקרה. ותראה, שזה נקרא קצת התדמות, בשיעור שאפשר, אל שלמותו, יתברך שמו. כי הנה הוא, יתברך שמו, שלם בעצמו, ולא במקרה, אלא מצד אמיתת ענינו מוכרחת בו השלמות, ומשוללים ממנו החסרונות בהכרח. ואולם זה אי אפשר שיימצא בזולתו, שתהיה אמיתותו מכרחת לו השלמות ומעדרת ממנו החסרונות. אך להתדמות לזה במקצת, צריך, שלפחות יהיה הוא הקונה השלמות שאין אמיתת ענינו מכרחת לו, ויהיה הוא מעדיר מעצמו החסרונות שהיו אפשרייים בו. ועל כן גזר וסידר, שייבראו עניני שלמות ועניני חסרון, ותיברא בריה שתהיה בה האפשרות לשני הענינים בשוה, ויותנו לבריה אמצעים, שעל ידם תקנה לעצמה את השלמות ותעדיר ממנה את החסרונות, ואז ייקרא שנתדמתה במה שהיה אפשר לה לבוראה ותהיה ראויה לידבק בו וליהנות בטובו. 

Rabbi Yaakov Feldman

We come upon a most astounding fact of Divine intent and human purpose here. Ramchal declares that it was G-d’s intent that the recipients of His goodness — that we — be personally responsible for His benevolence rather than just passive recipients of it!



That’s to say, we’re to earn it rather than inherit it or “get it in the mail” so to speak — to be proactive in our growth and ascent, initiators of our own spiritual well-being, and we’re to use our freely made decisions to do good things in order to earn G-d’s favor 1. Otherwise, Ramchal adds, G-d’s goodness would be flawed on some level, when we learned that G-d wanted to grant us perfect goodness 2.



He then goes on to point out that by indeed making use of our free will and playing an active role in our own growth, we thus achieve something of G-d’s perfection, and become closer to Him accordingly.



That is, we ourselves thus become free agents like Him. Now, there’s a whole order of difference between our free will and His, to be sure. Ours had to be implanted in us by G-d, while His is inherent. And we’re only free to make ethical and mitzvah-based choices (i.e., we can’t decide to fly for example, or disappear, etc.) which does indeed have a profound effect upon the course of things here and beyond, but it nonetheless doesn’t compare to G-d’s absolute freedom of choice.



Nonetheless the fact that only we humans and G-d are free agents — while angels, animals, vegetables, minerals, etc. are not — points to a unique kinship between G-d and ourselves. And it enables us to be holy and righteous, and to derive credit for having made the right choices.



G-d thus created a system of achieving either perfection or settling for flaws (by doing right or wrong things) 3; a being who’d be able to choose either option (i.e., ourselves); and a system to achieve perfection or accrue flaws (i.e., the mitzvah system thanks to which we achieve a degree of perfection by following through on the positive mitzvot or we accrue flaws by engaging in prohibitions). And He thus granted us the means to be free agents and thus emulate Him to a degree, and to attach onto His presence and fully enjoy His benevolence.



Notes:



1 See Ramchal’s Da’at Tevunot 18, Klallei Pitchei Chochma v’Da’at 1, Kinat Hashem Tziva’ot, Klach Pitchei Chochma 4, and Adir Bamarom p. 393. Also see Emunot v’De’ot (introduction to Ch. 3); Zohar 2, 163b; Pardes 2:5:3, and Ari’s Likutei Torah, Ha’azinu, p. 28.



Our free will is to be discussed again in 1:2:4 and in some depth is the 3rd chapter of this section.



2 See 1:2:1 for G-d’s utter and perfect benevolence.



But, why would G-d’s benevolence be less-than-perfect if we weren’t free agents? While Ramchal doesn’t explain it here, he does in some of the other works cited in note 1. He says that if we were granted out-and-out charity we’d experience what’s termed “the bread of shame” (based on the statement in T.J. Orlah 1:3 that “One who eats something that isn’t his own i.e. that he himself didn’t earn is ashamed to look in his benefactor’s face”; also see Tosephot on Kiddushin 36b, Ritvah on Rosh Hashanah 9b, and R’ Yoseph Karo’s Magid Maisharim, Breishit, 14 Tevet).



The point is that we’re to proudly and justifiably earn our reward rather than receive it shamefacedly as charity. Otherwise G-d’s generosity would be malevolent to a degree rather than wholly benevolent.



Ramchal defines “shame” in Adir Bamarom p. 252 as the experience of perceiving something as either being above oneself or beneath him: see his remarks there.



3 This begins to explain why there’s wrong and injustice in the world. The subject of wrong comes up in very many places in Ramchal’s writings including but certainly not limited to Klach Pitchei Chochma 30, 33, 37, 44, 45, 47, 53, 63, 83, and 108; Da’at Tevunot 96-133; and below in 1:2:5, 1:3:6, 1:5:7-9, 3:2:8, 4:1:3, 4:4:1,9, and 4:9:1.